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Integrated National Police
The Integrated National Police (INP) (Filipino: ''Pinagsamang Pulisyáng Pambansà'') (''PPP'') was the municipal police force for the cities and large towns of the Republic of the Philippines. One of two national police forces in the country along with the Philippine Constabulary, it merged with the latter in 1991 to form the present Philippine National Police.
==Development==
Until the mid-1970s, the independent city and municipal police forces took charge of maintaining peace and order on a local level, and when necessary was reinforced by the Philippine Constabulary, the national gendarmerie that was a major branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The National Police Commission was established in 1966〔http://www.napolcom.gov.ph/history.htm〕 to improve the professionalism and training of local police and exercised some supervisory authority over the police. However, this system was widely seen〔http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1977/pd_1184_1977.html〕 to have several serious defects such jurisdictional limitations, lack of uniformity, poor inter-agency coordination, disputes between police forces. Lastly, partisan politics infiltrated police employment, appointments, assignments, and promotions. Politicians frequently abused the police as private armies to protect their personal interests, since most civic police forces were under the control of the mayors.
In order to correct such deficiencies, during Martial law in the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos the 1973 Constitution provided for amalgamation of the public safety forces. Several Presidential Decrees were subsequently issued, integrating the police, fire, and jail services of the 1,500 cities and municipalities into the INP. On 8 August 1975, Presidential Decree 765〔http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1975/pd_765_1975.html〕 officially established the joint command structure of the Philippine Constabulary and Integrated National Police. The arrangement became known as the Philippine Constabulary-Integrated National Police (PC-INP), and INP became also an element of the Armed Forces since it was then under supervision of the Constabulary.〔
Approximately 10 percent of INP personnel were fire protection and prison officials. The Philippine National Police Academy provided training for INP officer cadets and was established in 1978 under the INP's Training Command, first at Fort Bonifacio in Makati and later at Camp Vicente Lim in Laguna province. At first the Academy offered a bachelor of science degree in public safety following a two-year course of study, and admission to the school was highly competitive. By 1982 this evolved to a 3-year course for future officers of the service, by this time with a specialized option for those studying to be either police officers, fire service officers, or jail service officers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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